If your home has single-pane windows, as almost half of U.S. homes do, consider replacing them. New double-pane windows with high-performance glass (e.g., low-e or spectrally selective) are available on the market. In colder climates, select windows that are gas filled with low emissivity (low-e) coatings on the glass to reduce heat loss. In warmer climates, select windows with spectrally selective coatings to reduce heat gain. If you are building a new home, you can offset some of the cost of installing more efficient windows because doing so allows you to buy smaller, less expensive heating and cooling equipment.

R-value ratings are also used for different types of windows, again measuring a material’s ability to resist the flow of heat. Some windows and doors are rated by U-value. U-value is the opposite of R-value. While R-value measures a material’s ability to resist the flow of heat, U-value measures the ability to conduct heat.

For instance, a single pane glazed window has an approximate R-value of 0.85, while a double pane glazed window has a value of 1.5 - 2.0, a low-e double pane glazed window has a 2.4 - 3.0 rating and a low-e double pane glazed window using an argon gas fill has a 2.7 - 3.6 R-value.

If you decide not to replace your windows, the simpler, less costly measures listed below can improve their performance.

       Cold-Climate Window Tips

• You can use a heavy-duty, clear plastic sheet on a frame or tape clear plastic film to the inside of your window frames during the cold winter months. Remember, the plastic must be sealed tightly to the frame to help reduce infiltration.
• Install tight-fitting, insulating window shades on windows that feel drafty after weatherizing.
• Close your curtains and shades at night; open them during the day.
• Keep windows on the south side of your house clean to let in the winter sun.

      Warm-Climate Window Tips

• Install white window shades, drapes, or blinds to reflect heat away from the house.
• Close curtains on south- and westfacing windows during the day.
• Install awnings on south- and westfacing windows.  
• $ Long-Term Savings Tip: Installing new, high-performance windows will improve your home's energy performance. The benefits of added comfort and improved aesthetics and functionality will make the investment worth it to you. Today, many new window technologies are available that are worth considering. Glazing materials (the glass part of the window) now come with a variety of selective coatings and other features; frames are available in aluminum, wood, vinyl, fiberglass, or combinations of these materials.

Shopping Tips for Windows

• When you're shopping for new windows, look for the National Fenestration Rating Council label; it means the window's performance is certified.
• Remember, the lower the U-value, the better the insulation. In colder climates, a U-value of 0.35 or below is recommended. These windows have at least double glazing and a low-e coating.
• In warm climates, where summertime heat gain is the main concern, look for windows with double glazing and spectrally selective coatings that reduce heat gain.
• Select windows with air leakage ratings of 0.3 cubic feet per minute or less.
• In temperate climates with both heating and cooling seasons, select windows with both low U-values and low solar heat gain coefficiency (SHGC) to maximize energy benefits.
• Remember that new windows must be installed correctly to avoid air leaks around the frame. Look for a reputable, qualified installer.
• Look for the ENERGY STAR and EnergyGuide labels.